| Titre : |
Évolution et organisation du génome chez le triticale (x-Triticosecale Wittmack) |
| Type de document : |
texte imprimé |
| Auteurs : |
Dounia Hammouda-Bousbia, Auteur ; Nadra Khalfallah, Directeur de thèse |
| Editeur : |
Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine |
| Année de publication : |
2013 |
| Importance : |
136 f. |
| Format : |
30 cm. |
| Note générale : |
2 copies imprimées disponibles |
| Langues : |
Français (fre) |
| Catégories : |
Français - Anglais
Biologie
|
| Tags : |
bandes C bande N génome hétérochromatine locis 5S-45S méiose N.O.R polymorphisme intervariétale ranslocation chromosomes B triticale blé seigle C bands N bands genome heterochromatin locis 5S -45S meiosis intervarietal polymorphism translocation wheat rye |
| Index. décimale : |
570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie |
| Résumé : |
Interspecific hybridization is a very useful instrument for crop improvement. Triticale (X-Triticosecale Wittmack) is one of the first cultured species created by humans, derived from intergeneric hybridization between wheat species (T durum or T aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale). The objective of this work is to glimpse the organization and evolution of triticale genome through cytogenetic mechanisms which are good tools of investigation. The study was conducted on parents (? ? diploid and hexaploid) and their progeny (polyploid) revealed by C-banding techniques, N-banding, in situ hybridization of ribosomal genes 45S and 5S & behavioral analysis meiotic. Distribution and characterization of heterochromatin in a variety series shows a great variability in the profiles bands C and N with Percentages 82.5%, 51.53% and 66.12% at rye and triticales(octoploide and hexaploides). We have through the C-band highlight 2BL/7RS translocation triticale (x Mah RC9).in wheat and rye
heterochromatin can be described as C- N+ or C+N+ indicating a heterochomatic variation within the species. Mahon-démias variety can be described as C-N +., RC9 The variety and hybrid Mahon- démias RC9 (triticale 8x), reveled C + N +. A positive correlation between the rate of constitutive heterochromatin and the increase of number of B chromosomes in triticale (8 x and 6x) is highlighted. Varieties and lines rich heterochromatin shows a high number of B this is the case of the variety Chrea (6x) and the line MahxRC9 (8x). The nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) are marked on 1R-2R-3R and 6R of rye and 1B and 6B of wheat. Les nucleoli organizer regions represent heterochromatin C + N + containing DNA
sequences (GAA) m (GAG ) n satellites, carrying the genes coder ribosomal RNA. The hybridation in situ shows that Secale cereale L. and XTriticosecale Wittmack are differentiated by the number and position of 5S and 45S ribosomal genes. The loci 45S Correspond to nucleolar organizer (NOR). Meiosis studied shows some regularity divisions.
However, anomalies’ were observed in four of them varieties. Three (Chelia, Foca and Lamb2) present a number of medium B (1-3) and several micronuclei and the fourth (Chrea) a large number of B (1- 4) and absence of micronuclei. These results confirm the hypothesis of the mechanism accumulation / elimination of B chromosomes. Heterochromatin (rich- GC) and loci 5S and 45S DNAr are good chromosomal markers for the species studied. We propose these chromosome markers for the establishment of a molecular cytogenetic mapping of constitutive heterochromatin of our material. The agronomic choice Mahon-demias as the female parent because of its mediocre is not recommended for triticale for baking. |
| Diplôme : |
Doctorat en sciences |
| En ligne : |
../theses/biologie/HAM6329.pdf |
| Format de la ressource électronique : |
pdf |
| Permalink : |
index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6298 |
Évolution et organisation du génome chez le triticale (x-Triticosecale Wittmack) [texte imprimé] / Dounia Hammouda-Bousbia, Auteur ; Nadra Khalfallah, Directeur de thèse . - Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine, 2013 . - 136 f. ; 30 cm. 2 copies imprimées disponibles Langues : Français ( fre)
| Catégories : |
Français - Anglais
Biologie
|
| Tags : |
bandes C bande N génome hétérochromatine locis 5S-45S méiose N.O.R polymorphisme intervariétale ranslocation chromosomes B triticale blé seigle C bands N bands genome heterochromatin locis 5S -45S meiosis intervarietal polymorphism translocation wheat rye |
| Index. décimale : |
570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie |
| Résumé : |
Interspecific hybridization is a very useful instrument for crop improvement. Triticale (X-Triticosecale Wittmack) is one of the first cultured species created by humans, derived from intergeneric hybridization between wheat species (T durum or T aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale). The objective of this work is to glimpse the organization and evolution of triticale genome through cytogenetic mechanisms which are good tools of investigation. The study was conducted on parents (? ? diploid and hexaploid) and their progeny (polyploid) revealed by C-banding techniques, N-banding, in situ hybridization of ribosomal genes 45S and 5S & behavioral analysis meiotic. Distribution and characterization of heterochromatin in a variety series shows a great variability in the profiles bands C and N with Percentages 82.5%, 51.53% and 66.12% at rye and triticales(octoploide and hexaploides). We have through the C-band highlight 2BL/7RS translocation triticale (x Mah RC9).in wheat and rye
heterochromatin can be described as C- N+ or C+N+ indicating a heterochomatic variation within the species. Mahon-démias variety can be described as C-N +., RC9 The variety and hybrid Mahon- démias RC9 (triticale 8x), reveled C + N +. A positive correlation between the rate of constitutive heterochromatin and the increase of number of B chromosomes in triticale (8 x and 6x) is highlighted. Varieties and lines rich heterochromatin shows a high number of B this is the case of the variety Chrea (6x) and the line MahxRC9 (8x). The nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) are marked on 1R-2R-3R and 6R of rye and 1B and 6B of wheat. Les nucleoli organizer regions represent heterochromatin C + N + containing DNA
sequences (GAA) m (GAG ) n satellites, carrying the genes coder ribosomal RNA. The hybridation in situ shows that Secale cereale L. and XTriticosecale Wittmack are differentiated by the number and position of 5S and 45S ribosomal genes. The loci 45S Correspond to nucleolar organizer (NOR). Meiosis studied shows some regularity divisions.
However, anomalies’ were observed in four of them varieties. Three (Chelia, Foca and Lamb2) present a number of medium B (1-3) and several micronuclei and the fourth (Chrea) a large number of B (1- 4) and absence of micronuclei. These results confirm the hypothesis of the mechanism accumulation / elimination of B chromosomes. Heterochromatin (rich- GC) and loci 5S and 45S DNAr are good chromosomal markers for the species studied. We propose these chromosome markers for the establishment of a molecular cytogenetic mapping of constitutive heterochromatin of our material. The agronomic choice Mahon-demias as the female parent because of its mediocre is not recommended for triticale for baking. |
| Diplôme : |
Doctorat en sciences |
| En ligne : |
../theses/biologie/HAM6329.pdf |
| Format de la ressource électronique : |
pdf |
| Permalink : |
index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6298 |
|
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