3 résultat(s) recherche sur le tag 'triticale'    

Évolution et organisation du génome chez le triticale (x-Triticosecale Wittmack) / Dounia Hammouda-Bousbia  

Public ISBD Titre : Évolution et organisation du génome chez le triticale (x-Triticosecale Wittmack) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Dounia Hammouda-Bousbia, Auteur ; Nadra Khalfallah, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine Année de publication : 2013 Importance : 136 f. Format : 30 cm. Note générale : 2 copies imprimées disponibles Langues : Français (fre) Tags : bandes C  bande N  génome  hétérochromatine  locis 5S-45S  méiose  N.O.R  polymorphisme intervariétale  ranslocation  chromosomes B  triticale  blé  seigle  C bands  N bands  genome  heterochromatin  locis 5S -45S  meiosis  intervarietal polymorphism  translocation  wheat  rye Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : Interspecific hybridization is a very useful instrument for crop improvement. Triticale (X-Triticosecale Wittmack) is one of the first cultured species created by humans, derived from intergeneric hybridization between wheat species (T durum or T aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale). The objective of this work is to glimpse the organization and evolution of triticale genome through cytogenetic mechanisms which are good tools of investigation. The study was conducted on parents (? ? diploid and hexaploid) and their progeny (polyploid) revealed by C-banding techniques, N-banding, in situ hybridization of ribosomal genes 45S and 5S & behavioral analysis meiotic. Distribution and characterization of heterochromatin in a variety series shows a great variability in the profiles bands C and N with Percentages 82.5%, 51.53% and 66.12% at rye and triticales(octoploide and hexaploides). We have through the C-band highlight 2BL/7RS translocation triticale (x Mah RC9).in wheat and rye heterochromatin can be described as C- N+ or C+N+ indicating a heterochomatic variation within the species. Mahon-démias variety can be described as C-N +., RC9 The variety and hybrid Mahon- démias RC9 (triticale 8x), reveled C + N +. A positive correlation between the rate of constitutive heterochromatin and the increase of number of B chromosomes in triticale (8 x and 6x) is highlighted. Varieties and lines rich heterochromatin shows a high number of B this is the case of the variety Chrea (6x) and the line MahxRC9 (8x). The nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) are marked on 1R-2R-3R and 6R of rye and 1B and 6B of wheat. Les nucleoli organizer regions represent heterochromatin C + N + containing DNA sequences (GAA) m (GAG ) n satellites, carrying the genes coder ribosomal RNA. The hybridation in situ shows that Secale cereale L. and XTriticosecale Wittmack are differentiated by the number and position of 5S and 45S ribosomal genes. The loci 45S Correspond to nucleolar organizer (NOR). Meiosis studied shows some regularity divisions. However, anomalies’ were observed in four of them varieties. Three (Chelia, Foca and Lamb2) present a number of medium B (1-3) and several micronuclei and the fourth (Chrea) a large number of B (1- 4) and absence of micronuclei. These results confirm the hypothesis of the mechanism accumulation / elimination of B chromosomes. Heterochromatin (rich- GC) and loci 5S and 45S DNAr are good chromosomal markers for the species studied. We propose these chromosome markers for the establishment of a molecular cytogenetic mapping of constitutive heterochromatin of our material. The agronomic choice Mahon-demias as the female parent because of its mediocre is not recommended for triticale for baking. Diplôme : Doctorat en sciences En ligne : ../theses/biologie/HAM6329.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : pdf Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6298 Évolution et organisation du génome chez le triticale (x-Triticosecale Wittmack) [texte imprimé] / Dounia Hammouda-Bousbia, Auteur ; Nadra Khalfallah, Directeur de thèse . - Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine, 2013 . - 136 f. ; 30 cm. 2 copies imprimées disponibles Langues : Français (fre) Tags : bandes C  bande N  génome  hétérochromatine  locis 5S-45S  méiose  N.O.R  polymorphisme intervariétale  ranslocation  chromosomes B  triticale  blé  seigle  C bands  N bands  genome  heterochromatin  locis 5S -45S  meiosis  intervarietal polymorphism  translocation  wheat  rye Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : Interspecific hybridization is a very useful instrument for crop improvement. Triticale (X-Triticosecale Wittmack) is one of the first cultured species created by humans, derived from intergeneric hybridization between wheat species (T durum or T aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale). The objective of this work is to glimpse the organization and evolution of triticale genome through cytogenetic mechanisms which are good tools of investigation. The study was conducted on parents (? ? diploid and hexaploid) and their progeny (polyploid) revealed by C-banding techniques, N-banding, in situ hybridization of ribosomal genes 45S and 5S & behavioral analysis meiotic. Distribution and characterization of heterochromatin in a variety series shows a great variability in the profiles bands C and N with Percentages 82.5%, 51.53% and 66.12% at rye and triticales(octoploide and hexaploides). We have through the C-band highlight 2BL/7RS translocation triticale (x Mah RC9).in wheat and rye heterochromatin can be described as C- N+ or C+N+ indicating a heterochomatic variation within the species. Mahon-démias variety can be described as C-N +., RC9 The variety and hybrid Mahon- démias RC9 (triticale 8x), reveled C + N +. A positive correlation between the rate of constitutive heterochromatin and the increase of number of B chromosomes in triticale (8 x and 6x) is highlighted. Varieties and lines rich heterochromatin shows a high number of B this is the case of the variety Chrea (6x) and the line MahxRC9 (8x). The nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) are marked on 1R-2R-3R and 6R of rye and 1B and 6B of wheat. Les nucleoli organizer regions represent heterochromatin C + N + containing DNA sequences (GAA) m (GAG ) n satellites, carrying the genes coder ribosomal RNA. The hybridation in situ shows that Secale cereale L. and XTriticosecale Wittmack are differentiated by the number and position of 5S and 45S ribosomal genes. The loci 45S Correspond to nucleolar organizer (NOR). Meiosis studied shows some regularity divisions. However, anomalies’ were observed in four of them varieties. Three (Chelia, Foca and Lamb2) present a number of medium B (1-3) and several micronuclei and the fourth (Chrea) a large number of B (1- 4) and absence of micronuclei. These results confirm the hypothesis of the mechanism accumulation / elimination of B chromosomes. Heterochromatin (rich- GC) and loci 5S and 45S DNAr are good chromosomal markers for the species studied. We propose these chromosome markers for the establishment of a molecular cytogenetic mapping of constitutive heterochromatin of our material. The agronomic choice Mahon-demias as the female parent because of its mediocre is not recommended for triticale for baking. Diplôme : Doctorat en sciences En ligne : ../theses/biologie/HAM6329.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : pdf Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6298

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Diversité génétique des céréales,recherche et caractérisation de leurs allergénes par l'approche protéomique / Ines Bellil    

Public ISBD Titre : Diversité génétique des céréales,recherche et caractérisation de leurs allergénes par l'approche protéomique Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ines Bellil, Auteur ; Douadi Khelifi, Directeur de thèse ; Sandra Denery, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine Année de publication : 2012 Importance : 211 f. Format : 30 cm Note générale : Doctorat 3ème cycle 2 copies imprimées disponibles Langues : Français (fre) Tags : Blé  Triticale  Diversité  Protéines  Electrophorèses  Allergies au blé  Anticorps IgE  Allergènes du blé  Immunoblotting  ELISA  Analyse protéomique  Wheat  Diversity  Proteins  Electrophoresis  Wheat allergy  IgE antibodies  Wheat allergens  Immunoblitting  Proteomic analysis  ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?"IgE"???????? ????? ????? ???????????????? ??????????? Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : In the first part of this study, two collections of wheat and one collection of triticale cultivated are analyzed to assess the genetic polymorphism of HMW-GS and SG-FPM: a collection of 69 triticale grown in France, another collection of 856 accessions of local durum wheat collected in Algeria and a priori divided into 17 botanical varieties according to their morphological characteristics, and the last two collections of 40 and 30 varieties of bread and durum wheats from Algerian oases. Biochemical analysis was performed by SDS-PAGE. In hexaploid triticale collection, allele nomenclature was compiled with a total of 36 alleles expressed at seven loci Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-R1, Gli-R2, B2-Glu, Glu-A3, Glu- B3. This diversity has highlighted two major groups of triticale: winter and spring triticales. Important variation was found in the collection of botanic durum wheat. Among the 16 alleles identified at the Glu-1 loci, two were new. The first named Glu-B1i1 encoding for two bands located between 17 and 18 which was assigned the nomenclature 171 and 181. The other named Glu-B1e1 codes two bands similar to 20x and 20y but with faster mobility, which were named 20x1-20y1. At Glu-3 and Glu-2 loci, 19 alleles were identified, where the allele named Glu-B3ab (encoding for subunits 2-8-9-13-16) was considered as new. Analysis of Saharan wheats has identified a total of 32 and 29alleles for bread and durum wheat, respectively, which in combination resulted in 36 and 29 different patterns respectively. In bread wheat 3, 9 (including 1 new) and 4 alleles were observed at Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci encoding HMW-GS respectively. LMW-GS displayed similar polymorphism, as 4, 9 and 3 alleles were identified at loci Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 respectively. In durum wheat collection, 3 alleles were expressed at Glu-A1 locus and 9 (including 1 new) at Glu-B1. At Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci 7, 8 (including 1 new) and 2 alleles were identified. Knowledge of these alleles is an important one hand to estimate the genetic variability and varietal identification and secondly in the selection for grain quality. Another part of this study aimed to characterize the major allergens of wheat and / or cereals, to break down the specific IgE response to evaluate the role of different protein families in the allergenicity of wheat. The analysis included 10 varieties and 14 sera from allergic Algerian and French patients to wheat. All biochemical and immunological analysis showed that all proteins are recognized by patients regardless of clinical grade observed. 90% of the sera reacted fraction to albumins / globulins fraction in immunoblotting. IgE sera recognize more than one wheat protein and results can be observed that the immunoreactivity varies with genotypes. And the antigenic profile that emerges from these results is composed of five major antigens, albumins / globulins, /,  and  gliadins and glutenins subunits low molecular weight and a minor antigen subunits of glutenin high molecular weight. It is difficult to conclude on the type of sensitization to one or more common epitopes of these patients. Four protein bands were identified by proteomic analysis. Confronted by mass spectrometry analysis LC-MS/MS, we can suggest the existence of thirteen wheat allergens in the four groups analyzed. Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/BEL6405.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : pdf Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9422 Diversité génétique des céréales,recherche et caractérisation de leurs allergénes par l'approche protéomique [texte imprimé] / Ines Bellil, Auteur ; Douadi Khelifi, Directeur de thèse ; Sandra Denery, Directeur de thèse . - Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine, 2012 . - 211 f. ; 30 cm. Doctorat 3ème cycle 2 copies imprimées disponibles Langues : Français (fre) Tags : Blé  Triticale  Diversité  Protéines  Electrophorèses  Allergies au blé  Anticorps IgE  Allergènes du blé  Immunoblotting  ELISA  Analyse protéomique  Wheat  Diversity  Proteins  Electrophoresis  Wheat allergy  IgE antibodies  Wheat allergens  Immunoblitting  Proteomic analysis  ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?"IgE"???????? ????? ????? ???????????????? ??????????? Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : In the first part of this study, two collections of wheat and one collection of triticale cultivated are analyzed to assess the genetic polymorphism of HMW-GS and SG-FPM: a collection of 69 triticale grown in France, another collection of 856 accessions of local durum wheat collected in Algeria and a priori divided into 17 botanical varieties according to their morphological characteristics, and the last two collections of 40 and 30 varieties of bread and durum wheats from Algerian oases. Biochemical analysis was performed by SDS-PAGE. In hexaploid triticale collection, allele nomenclature was compiled with a total of 36 alleles expressed at seven loci Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-R1, Gli-R2, B2-Glu, Glu-A3, Glu- B3. This diversity has highlighted two major groups of triticale: winter and spring triticales. Important variation was found in the collection of botanic durum wheat. Among the 16 alleles identified at the Glu-1 loci, two were new. The first named Glu-B1i1 encoding for two bands located between 17 and 18 which was assigned the nomenclature 171 and 181. The other named Glu-B1e1 codes two bands similar to 20x and 20y but with faster mobility, which were named 20x1-20y1. At Glu-3 and Glu-2 loci, 19 alleles were identified, where the allele named Glu-B3ab (encoding for subunits 2-8-9-13-16) was considered as new. Analysis of Saharan wheats has identified a total of 32 and 29alleles for bread and durum wheat, respectively, which in combination resulted in 36 and 29 different patterns respectively. In bread wheat 3, 9 (including 1 new) and 4 alleles were observed at Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci encoding HMW-GS respectively. LMW-GS displayed similar polymorphism, as 4, 9 and 3 alleles were identified at loci Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 respectively. In durum wheat collection, 3 alleles were expressed at Glu-A1 locus and 9 (including 1 new) at Glu-B1. At Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci 7, 8 (including 1 new) and 2 alleles were identified. Knowledge of these alleles is an important one hand to estimate the genetic variability and varietal identification and secondly in the selection for grain quality. Another part of this study aimed to characterize the major allergens of wheat and / or cereals, to break down the specific IgE response to evaluate the role of different protein families in the allergenicity of wheat. The analysis included 10 varieties and 14 sera from allergic Algerian and French patients to wheat. All biochemical and immunological analysis showed that all proteins are recognized by patients regardless of clinical grade observed. 90% of the sera reacted fraction to albumins / globulins fraction in immunoblotting. IgE sera recognize more than one wheat protein and results can be observed that the immunoreactivity varies with genotypes. And the antigenic profile that emerges from these results is composed of five major antigens, albumins / globulins, /,  and  gliadins and glutenins subunits low molecular weight and a minor antigen subunits of glutenin high molecular weight. It is difficult to conclude on the type of sensitization to one or more common epitopes of these patients. Four protein bands were identified by proteomic analysis. Confronted by mass spectrometry analysis LC-MS/MS, we can suggest the existence of thirteen wheat allergens in the four groups analyzed. Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/BEL6405.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : pdf Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9422

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Effet de l’inoculation des céréales par les PGPR et les mycorhizes en condition de déficit hydrique / Wassila Nadji  

Public ISBD Titre : Effet de l’inoculation des céréales par les PGPR et les mycorhizes en condition de déficit hydrique Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wassila Nadji, Auteur ; Abdelhamid Djekoun, Directeur de thèse Editeur : جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة Année de publication : 2017 Importance : 128 f. Format : 30 cm. Note générale : 2 copies imprimées disponibles. Langues : Français (fre) Tags : Durum wheat  soft wheat  barley  triticale  water stress  inoculation  Frankia  Azospirillum  mycorrhizal spores  diversity  Blé dur  blé tendre  orge  stress hydrique  Frankia Cci3  Azospirillum brasilense  spores des mycorhizes  diversité  ????? ?????  ??????  ??????????  ??????? ??????  ????? ??????????  ????????  ??????? Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : In Algeria, cereal production remains deficient and does not meet growing demand. It is strongly linked on the first hand to climatic conditions, water stress, increased abnormal temperatures, low rainfall and on the other hand to the characteristic of soils which lack nitrogen and phosphorus and all these factors affect and fall yields. Several approaches to improve cereal production are used, among which is the method based on the use of microorganisms such as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which are the main symbiotic components of the soil. These fungal symbiotes are known in the course of the main biogeochemical cycles of soils in the growth of plants by promoting their mineral and hydric nutrients. The aim of this work is to study the diversity of endomycorrhizal spores in durum wheat fields (Triticum durum) in arid, semi-arid and coastal zones. Soil samples were collected from the Algerian eastern wheat patches, the spores were isolated by the wet sieving method and observed under the binocular microscope to sort and count according to color, shape and size. Physico-chemical and catabolic analyzes of soils as well as mycorhization parameters were calculated. The field soil of the semi-arid regions of the eastern region is clayey limono and clay loam, its pH is alkaline (7.54-8.27), the total nitrogen content is (0.023 to 0.082%), Phosphorus are between (1.63% -7.74%). The presence of several morphotypes was noted. The latter are classified as follows: Glomeraceae, Acaulosporaceae, Scutellosporaceae with a predominance of Glomeraceae in the different sites according to the climate and the nature of the soils. The presence of these families demonstrates biodiversity in the plots of wheat in eastern Algeria. Secondly a comparative study on the morphological and biochemical physiological level of the behavior of plants inoculated by mycrosymbiotes of two genotypes of durum wheat, soft wheat, barley and triticale in the presence or absence of water stress Under greenhouse conditions under controlled conditions. Trials were conducted for three years. These genotypes were inoculated with three Frankia Cci3 inocula, Azospirillum brasilense and mycorrhizal spores. After cultivation, the plants were harvested. The growth parameters were measured as well as the dry weight of the plant and roots and the chlorophyll and nitrogen levels.The obtained results are significant. They show that inoculation with mycorrhizal spores (IM) treatment improves the growth of the plant in length of ear leaves and roots. The Azospirillum (AI) treatment has a favorable effect on the nitrogen content accumulated in the leaves of the inoculated plants and the plants inoculated under water stress compared to the control plants Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/NAD7171.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : pdf Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10586 Effet de l’inoculation des céréales par les PGPR et les mycorhizes en condition de déficit hydrique [texte imprimé] / Wassila Nadji, Auteur ; Abdelhamid Djekoun, Directeur de thèse . - [S.l.] : جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة, 2017 . - 128 f. ; 30 cm. 2 copies imprimées disponibles. Langues : Français (fre) Tags : Durum wheat  soft wheat  barley  triticale  water stress  inoculation  Frankia  Azospirillum  mycorrhizal spores  diversity  Blé dur  blé tendre  orge  stress hydrique  Frankia Cci3  Azospirillum brasilense  spores des mycorhizes  diversité  ????? ?????  ??????  ??????????  ??????? ??????  ????? ??????????  ????????  ??????? Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : In Algeria, cereal production remains deficient and does not meet growing demand. It is strongly linked on the first hand to climatic conditions, water stress, increased abnormal temperatures, low rainfall and on the other hand to the characteristic of soils which lack nitrogen and phosphorus and all these factors affect and fall yields. Several approaches to improve cereal production are used, among which is the method based on the use of microorganisms such as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which are the main symbiotic components of the soil. These fungal symbiotes are known in the course of the main biogeochemical cycles of soils in the growth of plants by promoting their mineral and hydric nutrients. The aim of this work is to study the diversity of endomycorrhizal spores in durum wheat fields (Triticum durum) in arid, semi-arid and coastal zones. Soil samples were collected from the Algerian eastern wheat patches, the spores were isolated by the wet sieving method and observed under the binocular microscope to sort and count according to color, shape and size. Physico-chemical and catabolic analyzes of soils as well as mycorhization parameters were calculated. The field soil of the semi-arid regions of the eastern region is clayey limono and clay loam, its pH is alkaline (7.54-8.27), the total nitrogen content is (0.023 to 0.082%), Phosphorus are between (1.63% -7.74%). The presence of several morphotypes was noted. The latter are classified as follows: Glomeraceae, Acaulosporaceae, Scutellosporaceae with a predominance of Glomeraceae in the different sites according to the climate and the nature of the soils. The presence of these families demonstrates biodiversity in the plots of wheat in eastern Algeria. Secondly a comparative study on the morphological and biochemical physiological level of the behavior of plants inoculated by mycrosymbiotes of two genotypes of durum wheat, soft wheat, barley and triticale in the presence or absence of water stress Under greenhouse conditions under controlled conditions. Trials were conducted for three years. These genotypes were inoculated with three Frankia Cci3 inocula, Azospirillum brasilense and mycorrhizal spores. After cultivation, the plants were harvested. The growth parameters were measured as well as the dry weight of the plant and roots and the chlorophyll and nitrogen levels.The obtained results are significant. They show that inoculation with mycorrhizal spores (IM) treatment improves the growth of the plant in length of ear leaves and roots. The Azospirillum (AI) treatment has a favorable effect on the nitrogen content accumulated in the leaves of the inoculated plants and the plants inoculated under water stress compared to the control plants Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/NAD7171.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : pdf Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10586

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