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Partager le résultat de cette recherche Interroger des sources externesValorisation nutritionnelle d’Opuntia et Acacia spp. dans l’alimentation des ruminants / Amira Chentli
Titre : Valorisation nutritionnelle d’Opuntia et Acacia spp. dans l’alimentation des ruminants : Effets de hautes teneurs en tannins et oxalates sur l’activité du microbiote ruminal Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Amira Chentli, Auteur ; H. Bousseboua, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine Année de publication : 2015 Importance : 199 f. Format : 30 cm. Note générale : 2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Biotechnologies microbiennes,Génomes et environnement
Arbustes fourragers fermentescibilité in vitro microbiote ruminal PCR en temps réel composés
secondaires tannins oxalates Fodder shrubs In vitro fermentescibility rumen microbiota Real time PCR الشجیرات العلفیة التخمر في المختبر الجراثیم الكرش PCR الوقت الحقیق المركبات الثانویة العفص الأوكزالاتIndex. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : Plant rich secondary compounds have antimicrobial effects by acting against different rumen microbial populations. The current thesis is based on the study of the effects of fodder shrubs (spineless cactus, Acacia nilotica and Acacia cyanophylla), rich in secondary metabolites, alone or in various mixtures on the metabolic activity of rumen microbiota of cattle. The qualitative and quantitative determination of in vitro fermentation gases is used as a marker of fermentation substrates. The Monitoring of quantitative fluctuations in the equilibrium of the major populations of rumen microbiota is performed by a molecular biology technique, the real-time PCR.
Based on the chemical analysis of the studied substrates, Acacias have the advantage of being rich in crude protein but with the disadvantage of being too rich in lignin (indigestible cell wall fraction) and in polyphenols, mainly condensed tannins (TCT) which are antinutritional factors. Moreover, cactus cladodes are rich in energy, water and minerals.
However, they seem to be poor in crude protein content and high in total oxalates, these compounds are anti-nutritional compounds that are able to bind calcium, making this anion unavailable for the animal. In general, the percentage of shrubs in the mixture negatively affects their in vitro digestibility and microbial fermentation (p˂0,001). However, the proportion of 30% incorporated cactus stands out positively from other mixtures by synergy in terms of gas production, digestibility and a remarkable fermentation pattern, indicating a balanced combination of energy and nitrogen content of the ration, nutritionally for the animal. The TCT contained in A.cyanophylla seem to influence significantly ruminal
digestion and their inhibitory effects are more pronounced than those of A. nilotica.
Analysis of the methanogenic activity of rumen microbiota shows that the spineless cactus and Acacias significantly reduce the production of CH4 (p˂0, 0001). The impact of TCT contained in the Acacias, on reducing CH4 production is more tangible, however with a higher effect for A.cyanophylla relatively to A.nilotica. CH4 production is decreased by up to de 62,5% for 60% of A.cynophylla, added to vetch-oat hay. This indicates the use of Acacia to reduce energy losses and, in turn, minimize atmospheric emissions of CH4 and the adverse effects on the environment (greenhouse effect and global warming).
Molecular analysis reveals important changes in the microbial profile of the rumen: a significant imbalance among cellulolytic groups, including, Fibrobacter succinogenes population which increases relatively with all the substrates, unlike Ruminoccocus flavefaciens species which decrease significantly (p <0,05), suggesting a selective effect of tannins on the latter (from 60% of Acacia in the mixture). A significant anti protozoan effect (p <0,05) of shrub species is also observed in parallel to the inhibition of the production of ammonia. Furthermore, the tannins content of A.nilotica and A.cyanophylla have antimethanogenic activities but without, apparently, direct effects on relative abundance of methanogenic archaea populations, indicating a potential resistance of this population to
tannins of the studied species. This study also showed an antimicrobial activity of oxalates content of spineless cactus cladodes but confirmation would require further investigations.
Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/CHE6731.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9892 Valorisation nutritionnelle d’Opuntia et Acacia spp. dans l’alimentation des ruminants : Effets de hautes teneurs en tannins et oxalates sur l’activité du microbiote ruminal [texte imprimé] / Amira Chentli, Auteur ; H. Bousseboua, Directeur de thèse . - Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine, 2015 . - 199 f. ; 30 cm.
2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Biotechnologies microbiennes,Génomes et environnement
Arbustes fourragers fermentescibilité in vitro microbiote ruminal PCR en temps réel composés
secondaires tannins oxalates Fodder shrubs In vitro fermentescibility rumen microbiota Real time PCR الشجیرات العلفیة التخمر في المختبر الجراثیم الكرش PCR الوقت الحقیق المركبات الثانویة العفص الأوكزالاتIndex. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : Plant rich secondary compounds have antimicrobial effects by acting against different rumen microbial populations. The current thesis is based on the study of the effects of fodder shrubs (spineless cactus, Acacia nilotica and Acacia cyanophylla), rich in secondary metabolites, alone or in various mixtures on the metabolic activity of rumen microbiota of cattle. The qualitative and quantitative determination of in vitro fermentation gases is used as a marker of fermentation substrates. The Monitoring of quantitative fluctuations in the equilibrium of the major populations of rumen microbiota is performed by a molecular biology technique, the real-time PCR.
Based on the chemical analysis of the studied substrates, Acacias have the advantage of being rich in crude protein but with the disadvantage of being too rich in lignin (indigestible cell wall fraction) and in polyphenols, mainly condensed tannins (TCT) which are antinutritional factors. Moreover, cactus cladodes are rich in energy, water and minerals.
However, they seem to be poor in crude protein content and high in total oxalates, these compounds are anti-nutritional compounds that are able to bind calcium, making this anion unavailable for the animal. In general, the percentage of shrubs in the mixture negatively affects their in vitro digestibility and microbial fermentation (p˂0,001). However, the proportion of 30% incorporated cactus stands out positively from other mixtures by synergy in terms of gas production, digestibility and a remarkable fermentation pattern, indicating a balanced combination of energy and nitrogen content of the ration, nutritionally for the animal. The TCT contained in A.cyanophylla seem to influence significantly ruminal
digestion and their inhibitory effects are more pronounced than those of A. nilotica.
Analysis of the methanogenic activity of rumen microbiota shows that the spineless cactus and Acacias significantly reduce the production of CH4 (p˂0, 0001). The impact of TCT contained in the Acacias, on reducing CH4 production is more tangible, however with a higher effect for A.cyanophylla relatively to A.nilotica. CH4 production is decreased by up to de 62,5% for 60% of A.cynophylla, added to vetch-oat hay. This indicates the use of Acacia to reduce energy losses and, in turn, minimize atmospheric emissions of CH4 and the adverse effects on the environment (greenhouse effect and global warming).
Molecular analysis reveals important changes in the microbial profile of the rumen: a significant imbalance among cellulolytic groups, including, Fibrobacter succinogenes population which increases relatively with all the substrates, unlike Ruminoccocus flavefaciens species which decrease significantly (p <0,05), suggesting a selective effect of tannins on the latter (from 60% of Acacia in the mixture). A significant anti protozoan effect (p <0,05) of shrub species is also observed in parallel to the inhibition of the production of ammonia. Furthermore, the tannins content of A.nilotica and A.cyanophylla have antimethanogenic activities but without, apparently, direct effects on relative abundance of methanogenic archaea populations, indicating a potential resistance of this population to
tannins of the studied species. This study also showed an antimicrobial activity of oxalates content of spineless cactus cladodes but confirmation would require further investigations.
Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/CHE6731.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9892 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité CHE/6731 CHE/6731 Thèse Bibliothèque principale Thèses Disponible
Titre : Evaluation de la contribution spécifique des fractions soluble et insoluble de sous produits de l'agronomie saharienne à la méthanogènèse ruminale d'ovins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Univ. de Constantine, Éditeur scientifique Année de publication : 2009 Importance : 69 f. Note générale : 01 Disponible à la salle de recherche 02 Disponibles au magazin de la B.U.C. 01 CD Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Méthane Production de gaz in vitro Effet de serre Microbiote ruminal Sous produits métabolites Fraction végétale soluble Fraction végétale insoluble Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie En ligne : ../theses/biologie/BOU5334.pdf Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1798 Evaluation de la contribution spécifique des fractions soluble et insoluble de sous produits de l'agronomie saharienne à la méthanogènèse ruminale d'ovins [texte imprimé] / Univ. de Constantine, Éditeur scientifique . - 2009 . - 69 f.
01 Disponible à la salle de recherche 02 Disponibles au magazin de la B.U.C. 01 CD
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Méthane Production de gaz in vitro Effet de serre Microbiote ruminal Sous produits métabolites Fraction végétale soluble Fraction végétale insoluble Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie En ligne : ../theses/biologie/BOU5334.pdf Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1798 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité BOU/5334 BOU/5334 Thèse Bibliothèque principale Thèses Disponible
Titre : Impact de plantes riches en métabolites secondaires sur la méthanogénèse ruminale et les activités fermentaires du microbiome ruminal chez des ovins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Moufida Rira, Auteur ; H. Bousseboua, Directeur de thèse ; Michel Doreau, Directeur de thèse Editeur : جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة Année de publication : 2015 Importance : 201 f. Format : 30 cm. Note générale : 2 copies imprimes disponibles Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Méthane tanins condensés huiles essentielles fermentation microbiote ruminal moutons Methane condensed tannins essential oils rumen microbes sheepميثان طانينات زيوت عطرية تخمر ميكروبات الكرش مجترات Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : Strategies of methane reduction will have to take into account the other environmental
impacts and the social-economic stakes. Therefore, the main encouraging way envisaged to
reduce enteric methane is the use of additives containing plants secondary metabolites.
The objective of this thesis work was to test at first the in vitro potential of essential
oil extracts and condensed tannins-rich plants to reduce methane production. Secondly, an in
vivo study was conducted for a validation of results obtained in vitro and for a better
knowledge of ruminal methanogenesis and fermentative phenomena.
Our work allows concluding that essential oil and condensed tannins have the potential
to decrease in vitro methane production. Essential oils of Mentha pulegium and Juniperus
phoenicea negatively affect in vitro ruminal fermentation. Condensed tannins reduce in vivo
methane production without notable unwanted effects on ruminal fermentation and on
digestibility. The effect of condensed tannins is rather linked to the dose and not to the nature
of the plant. This work also highlighted the absence of relation between concentration and
diversity of methanogens and methanogenesis. Reduction of methane is due to the inhibition
of the activity of methanogens rather than to the decrease of their concentration. The
presentation of tannins rich plants under granular shape had also accelerated the transit.
Results from the in vivo study suggests that dietary condensed tannins from Leucaena
leucocephala, Manihot esculenta, and to a lesser extent from Gliricidia sepium in pellet form
could be used to mitigate methane production with no marked detrimental effects on other
fermentative parameters.Diplôme : Doctorat en sciences En ligne : ../theses/biologie/RIR6839.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10114 Impact de plantes riches en métabolites secondaires sur la méthanogénèse ruminale et les activités fermentaires du microbiome ruminal chez des ovins [texte imprimé] / Moufida Rira, Auteur ; H. Bousseboua, Directeur de thèse ; Michel Doreau, Directeur de thèse . - جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة, 2015 . - 201 f. ; 30 cm.
2 copies imprimes disponibles
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Méthane tanins condensés huiles essentielles fermentation microbiote ruminal moutons Methane condensed tannins essential oils rumen microbes sheepميثان طانينات زيوت عطرية تخمر ميكروبات الكرش مجترات Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : Strategies of methane reduction will have to take into account the other environmental
impacts and the social-economic stakes. Therefore, the main encouraging way envisaged to
reduce enteric methane is the use of additives containing plants secondary metabolites.
The objective of this thesis work was to test at first the in vitro potential of essential
oil extracts and condensed tannins-rich plants to reduce methane production. Secondly, an in
vivo study was conducted for a validation of results obtained in vitro and for a better
knowledge of ruminal methanogenesis and fermentative phenomena.
Our work allows concluding that essential oil and condensed tannins have the potential
to decrease in vitro methane production. Essential oils of Mentha pulegium and Juniperus
phoenicea negatively affect in vitro ruminal fermentation. Condensed tannins reduce in vivo
methane production without notable unwanted effects on ruminal fermentation and on
digestibility. The effect of condensed tannins is rather linked to the dose and not to the nature
of the plant. This work also highlighted the absence of relation between concentration and
diversity of methanogens and methanogenesis. Reduction of methane is due to the inhibition
of the activity of methanogens rather than to the decrease of their concentration. The
presentation of tannins rich plants under granular shape had also accelerated the transit.
Results from the in vivo study suggests that dietary condensed tannins from Leucaena
leucocephala, Manihot esculenta, and to a lesser extent from Gliricidia sepium in pellet form
could be used to mitigate methane production with no marked detrimental effects on other
fermentative parameters.Diplôme : Doctorat en sciences En ligne : ../theses/biologie/RIR6839.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10114 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité RIR/6839 RIR/6839 Thèse Bibliothèque principale Thèses Disponible
Titre : La valorisation nutritionnelle des margines et de leur impact sur la réduction de la méthanogénèse ruminale chez l’ovin Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nassima Leulmi, Auteur ; Rabah Arhab, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine Année de publication : 2011 Importance : 85 f. Format : 31cm Note générale : Magister
2 copies imprimées disponiblesLangues : Français (fre) Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Margines valeur nutritive composés phénoliques microbiote ruminal biodégradation anaérobie. Biologie Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie En ligne : ../theses/biologie/LEU5874.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5689 La valorisation nutritionnelle des margines et de leur impact sur la réduction de la méthanogénèse ruminale chez l’ovin [texte imprimé] / Nassima Leulmi, Auteur ; Rabah Arhab, Directeur de thèse . - Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine, 2011 . - 85 f. ; 31cm.
Magister
2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Margines valeur nutritive composés phénoliques microbiote ruminal biodégradation anaérobie. Biologie Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie En ligne : ../theses/biologie/LEU5874.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5689 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité LEU/5874 LEU/5874 Thèse Bibliothèque principale Thèses Disponible
Titre : Valorisation nutritionnelle d’algues marines du littoral Algérien chez le ruminant via des méthodes chimiques, biologiques et moléculaires Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rabah Arhab, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine Année de publication : 2015 Importance : 171 f. Format : 30 cm. Note générale : 2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Algues microbiote ruminal fermentescibilité in vitro valeur nutritive digestibilité PCR
en temps réel groupements cellulolytiques seaweed ruminal microbial flora in vitro fermentability nutritional value digestibility real time PCR cellulolytic groups طحالب جراثيم الكرش تخمر مخبري تقييم غدائي الهضم PCR وقت حقيقي المجموعات السيليلوزيةIndex. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : The current work focuses on the valorization of non conventional vegetal resources in ruminant feeding so far ever undertaken in Algeria. Its main objective is to investigate on new unconventional marine food substrates in ruminant diets through several aspects:
characterization of nutrients and secondary metabolites of a green seaweed Ulva lactuca and a brown seaweed Halopteris scoparia, assessing their nutritional potential by measuring in vitro ruminal fermentability by the microbiota of cow, determining the fermentation profile of the green seaweed individually or simultaneously incorporated in different proportions to a reference fodder. The characterization of the associated microbial profile fermented in vitro by real time PCR and study of the specific activity of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase)
enzyme were also performed.
According to their chemical composition, seaweeds are rich in minerals and then could be used as a food supplement to compensate the lack of minerals in certain physiological conditions and improve the growth of the ruminal microbiota. Similarly, they are characterized by an important content of crude protein and can therefore be recommended as a protein additive in diets with poor nitrogen content.
The evaluation of the in vitro ruminal fermentability of singular substrates by ruminal microbial flora showed that the brown seaweed is not fermentable. However, Ulva lactuca were weakly degraded compared to vetch oats (P <0.0001). The use of Ulva lactuca in combination with vetch oats is marked by a synergistic effect due to the protein and mineral contents of the green seaweed. However, the incorporation of the green seaweed affects the in vitro digestibility and microbial fermentation in terms of volatile fatty acids and ammonia concentration.
Molecular analysis of the relative abundance of different rumen microbial populations after 24hours of fermentation against 0h (control), reveals significant changes in the microbial profile of the rumen. It appears a significant imbalance among cellulolytic groups, including the three major cellulolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus) and total anaerobic fungi. The species F.succinogenes predominates and
represents 69 to 84% of the analyzed bacteria. Furthermore, significant quantitative changes in target populations appear with the increase in the proportion of the seaweed up to the threshold of 40%. This is due to the optimization of growth conditions allowing the adherent cellulolytic population to grow and increase. This is corroborated by the increase in cellulase activity (CMCase).
Overall, it appears that the green seaweed Ulva lactuca has an appreciable nutritional potential that allows it to be recommended as a protein and mineral supplement. Similarly, its association with a coarse substrate (vetch-oats) improves the fermentability through a better proliferation of cellulolytic flora.
Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/ZIT6760.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9853 Valorisation nutritionnelle d’algues marines du littoral Algérien chez le ruminant via des méthodes chimiques, biologiques et moléculaires [texte imprimé] / Rabah Arhab, Directeur de thèse . - Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine, 2015 . - 171 f. ; 30 cm.
2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Algues microbiote ruminal fermentescibilité in vitro valeur nutritive digestibilité PCR
en temps réel groupements cellulolytiques seaweed ruminal microbial flora in vitro fermentability nutritional value digestibility real time PCR cellulolytic groups طحالب جراثيم الكرش تخمر مخبري تقييم غدائي الهضم PCR وقت حقيقي المجموعات السيليلوزيةIndex. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : The current work focuses on the valorization of non conventional vegetal resources in ruminant feeding so far ever undertaken in Algeria. Its main objective is to investigate on new unconventional marine food substrates in ruminant diets through several aspects:
characterization of nutrients and secondary metabolites of a green seaweed Ulva lactuca and a brown seaweed Halopteris scoparia, assessing their nutritional potential by measuring in vitro ruminal fermentability by the microbiota of cow, determining the fermentation profile of the green seaweed individually or simultaneously incorporated in different proportions to a reference fodder. The characterization of the associated microbial profile fermented in vitro by real time PCR and study of the specific activity of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase)
enzyme were also performed.
According to their chemical composition, seaweeds are rich in minerals and then could be used as a food supplement to compensate the lack of minerals in certain physiological conditions and improve the growth of the ruminal microbiota. Similarly, they are characterized by an important content of crude protein and can therefore be recommended as a protein additive in diets with poor nitrogen content.
The evaluation of the in vitro ruminal fermentability of singular substrates by ruminal microbial flora showed that the brown seaweed is not fermentable. However, Ulva lactuca were weakly degraded compared to vetch oats (P <0.0001). The use of Ulva lactuca in combination with vetch oats is marked by a synergistic effect due to the protein and mineral contents of the green seaweed. However, the incorporation of the green seaweed affects the in vitro digestibility and microbial fermentation in terms of volatile fatty acids and ammonia concentration.
Molecular analysis of the relative abundance of different rumen microbial populations after 24hours of fermentation against 0h (control), reveals significant changes in the microbial profile of the rumen. It appears a significant imbalance among cellulolytic groups, including the three major cellulolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus) and total anaerobic fungi. The species F.succinogenes predominates and
represents 69 to 84% of the analyzed bacteria. Furthermore, significant quantitative changes in target populations appear with the increase in the proportion of the seaweed up to the threshold of 40%. This is due to the optimization of growth conditions allowing the adherent cellulolytic population to grow and increase. This is corroborated by the increase in cellulase activity (CMCase).
Overall, it appears that the green seaweed Ulva lactuca has an appreciable nutritional potential that allows it to be recommended as a protein and mineral supplement. Similarly, its association with a coarse substrate (vetch-oats) improves the fermentability through a better proliferation of cellulolytic flora.
Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/ZIT6760.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9853 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité ZIT/6760 ZIT/6760 Thèse Bibliothèque principale Thèses Disponible
