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Partager le résultat de cette recherche Interroger des sources externesEvaluation du potentiel nutritif et antiméthanogénique des plantes médicinales (Asteraceae) par des procédés phytochimiques, biologiques et moléculaires. / Serine Amokrane
Titre : Evaluation du potentiel nutritif et antiméthanogénique des plantes médicinales (Asteraceae) par des procédés phytochimiques, biologiques et moléculaires. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Serine Amokrane, Auteur ; Rabah Arhab, Auteur Editeur : جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة Année de publication : 2019 Importance : 218 f. Format : 30 cm. Note générale : 2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Microbiologie:Écologie Microbienne Asteraceae C.nobile C.segetum C.pulata extraits valeur nutritive méthanogénése qPCR Archaea Protozoaires extracts nutritive value methanogenesis Protozoa التقويم الغذائي C . Nobile C . segeturn C . pulat til الوقت الحقيقي PCR البكتيريا المنتجة للميثان البر وتوزوا العائلة المركبة عملية انتاج الميثان Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : The objective of the present work is focused on the evaluation of three Asteraceae (C. nobile, C.pulata and C. segetum) from a nutritional point of view via chemical processes (forage analysis), phytochemicals (phenolic and terpenic content) and biological (fermentability in vitro by the ruminal microbiota of cattle). The environmental aspect consisted in determining the antimethanogenic effect of these same plants as well as their respective extracts. This axis is consolidated by molecular analyzes (real-time PCR) of two microbial communities directly involved in ruminal methanogenesis (Archaea methanogens and protozoa). The practical purpose of the combination of these two approaches is shared between the formulation of dietary diets based on herbs and / or their extracts in order to provide food alternatives to local livestock, on the one hand and to control and reduce atmospheric emissions of enteric methane by ruminants, on the other hand. The chemical and phytochemical analyzes make it possible to classify C.nobile and C.pulata as substrates of good nutritional quality. This is explained by their appreciable content in total walls, their energy and protein richness and the moderate presence of antinutritional substances. Nevertheless, the high bioactive content and low protein content noted for C. segetum suggests that this plant could be valued as a natural source of bioactive substances and poorly recommended as a livestock feed. The results of the evaluation of the in vitro fermentability of the substrates studied, in terms of digestibility, in vitro gas production and fermentative profile (volatile fatty acids), are in perfect agreement with those of previous analyzes. In addition, their fermental profile indicates globally that their content of secondary substances does not influence the activity of the ruminal microbiota. Indeed, the tannoid and flavonoic fractions do not affect the different fermentation parameters after 24 hours of fermentation. The environmental aspect of the study presented by the determination of the antimethanogenic effect of plants and their extracts reveals that the fermentation of centaury increases the production of enteric methane in vitro. Noble chamomile and chrysanthemum have a tangible antimethanogenic potential with significant reduction rates (-24 and -27%, respectively). However, the antimethanogenic effect is increased (-39 and -50%, respectively) in the presence of their respective extracts. The approach of molecular biology has allowed us to have a global and rapid look at the main microbial communities directly involved in the process of ruminal methanogenesis. The results reveal the absence of a relationship between the biomass of Archaea methanogens and the production of methane in the rumen, and their existence with the protozoan community. The symbiotic relationship between these two communities could justify this finding Overall, it appears that the inclusion of C.nobile in the feeding of ruminants as basic forage is strongly recommended. C.pulata is recommended as an energy supplement, which makes it possible to propose them as good condidates for a possible exploitation in the animal feed and a probable reorganization of the courses in the steppic zones. The notable effect of the extracts studied on the reduction of methane production and especially the absence of effects on fermentative parameters (AGV and ammonia) make it possible to classify them as food additives to fight against the famous greenhouse effect.
Note de contenu : Annexes. Diplôme : Doctorat en sciences En ligne : ../theses/biologie/AMO7490.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11322 Evaluation du potentiel nutritif et antiméthanogénique des plantes médicinales (Asteraceae) par des procédés phytochimiques, biologiques et moléculaires. [texte imprimé] / Serine Amokrane, Auteur ; Rabah Arhab, Auteur . - جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة, 2019 . - 218 f. ; 30 cm.
2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Microbiologie:Écologie Microbienne Asteraceae C.nobile C.segetum C.pulata extraits valeur nutritive méthanogénése qPCR Archaea Protozoaires extracts nutritive value methanogenesis Protozoa التقويم الغذائي C . Nobile C . segeturn C . pulat til الوقت الحقيقي PCR البكتيريا المنتجة للميثان البر وتوزوا العائلة المركبة عملية انتاج الميثان Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : The objective of the present work is focused on the evaluation of three Asteraceae (C. nobile, C.pulata and C. segetum) from a nutritional point of view via chemical processes (forage analysis), phytochemicals (phenolic and terpenic content) and biological (fermentability in vitro by the ruminal microbiota of cattle). The environmental aspect consisted in determining the antimethanogenic effect of these same plants as well as their respective extracts. This axis is consolidated by molecular analyzes (real-time PCR) of two microbial communities directly involved in ruminal methanogenesis (Archaea methanogens and protozoa). The practical purpose of the combination of these two approaches is shared between the formulation of dietary diets based on herbs and / or their extracts in order to provide food alternatives to local livestock, on the one hand and to control and reduce atmospheric emissions of enteric methane by ruminants, on the other hand. The chemical and phytochemical analyzes make it possible to classify C.nobile and C.pulata as substrates of good nutritional quality. This is explained by their appreciable content in total walls, their energy and protein richness and the moderate presence of antinutritional substances. Nevertheless, the high bioactive content and low protein content noted for C. segetum suggests that this plant could be valued as a natural source of bioactive substances and poorly recommended as a livestock feed. The results of the evaluation of the in vitro fermentability of the substrates studied, in terms of digestibility, in vitro gas production and fermentative profile (volatile fatty acids), are in perfect agreement with those of previous analyzes. In addition, their fermental profile indicates globally that their content of secondary substances does not influence the activity of the ruminal microbiota. Indeed, the tannoid and flavonoic fractions do not affect the different fermentation parameters after 24 hours of fermentation. The environmental aspect of the study presented by the determination of the antimethanogenic effect of plants and their extracts reveals that the fermentation of centaury increases the production of enteric methane in vitro. Noble chamomile and chrysanthemum have a tangible antimethanogenic potential with significant reduction rates (-24 and -27%, respectively). However, the antimethanogenic effect is increased (-39 and -50%, respectively) in the presence of their respective extracts. The approach of molecular biology has allowed us to have a global and rapid look at the main microbial communities directly involved in the process of ruminal methanogenesis. The results reveal the absence of a relationship between the biomass of Archaea methanogens and the production of methane in the rumen, and their existence with the protozoan community. The symbiotic relationship between these two communities could justify this finding Overall, it appears that the inclusion of C.nobile in the feeding of ruminants as basic forage is strongly recommended. C.pulata is recommended as an energy supplement, which makes it possible to propose them as good condidates for a possible exploitation in the animal feed and a probable reorganization of the courses in the steppic zones. The notable effect of the extracts studied on the reduction of methane production and especially the absence of effects on fermentative parameters (AGV and ammonia) make it possible to classify them as food additives to fight against the famous greenhouse effect.
Note de contenu : Annexes. Diplôme : Doctorat en sciences En ligne : ../theses/biologie/AMO7490.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11322 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité AMO/7490 AMO/7490 Thèse Bibliothèque principale Thèses Disponible
Titre : Valorisation nutritionnelle d’algues marines du littoral Algérien chez le ruminant via des méthodes chimiques, biologiques et moléculaires Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rabah Arhab, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine Année de publication : 2015 Importance : 171 f. Format : 30 cm. Note générale : 2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Algues microbiote ruminal fermentescibilité in vitro valeur nutritive digestibilité PCR
en temps réel groupements cellulolytiques seaweed ruminal microbial flora in vitro fermentability nutritional value digestibility real time PCR cellulolytic groups طحالب جراثيم الكرش تخمر مخبري تقييم غدائي الهضم PCR وقت حقيقي المجموعات السيليلوزيةIndex. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : The current work focuses on the valorization of non conventional vegetal resources in ruminant feeding so far ever undertaken in Algeria. Its main objective is to investigate on new unconventional marine food substrates in ruminant diets through several aspects:
characterization of nutrients and secondary metabolites of a green seaweed Ulva lactuca and a brown seaweed Halopteris scoparia, assessing their nutritional potential by measuring in vitro ruminal fermentability by the microbiota of cow, determining the fermentation profile of the green seaweed individually or simultaneously incorporated in different proportions to a reference fodder. The characterization of the associated microbial profile fermented in vitro by real time PCR and study of the specific activity of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase)
enzyme were also performed.
According to their chemical composition, seaweeds are rich in minerals and then could be used as a food supplement to compensate the lack of minerals in certain physiological conditions and improve the growth of the ruminal microbiota. Similarly, they are characterized by an important content of crude protein and can therefore be recommended as a protein additive in diets with poor nitrogen content.
The evaluation of the in vitro ruminal fermentability of singular substrates by ruminal microbial flora showed that the brown seaweed is not fermentable. However, Ulva lactuca were weakly degraded compared to vetch oats (P <0.0001). The use of Ulva lactuca in combination with vetch oats is marked by a synergistic effect due to the protein and mineral contents of the green seaweed. However, the incorporation of the green seaweed affects the in vitro digestibility and microbial fermentation in terms of volatile fatty acids and ammonia concentration.
Molecular analysis of the relative abundance of different rumen microbial populations after 24hours of fermentation against 0h (control), reveals significant changes in the microbial profile of the rumen. It appears a significant imbalance among cellulolytic groups, including the three major cellulolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus) and total anaerobic fungi. The species F.succinogenes predominates and
represents 69 to 84% of the analyzed bacteria. Furthermore, significant quantitative changes in target populations appear with the increase in the proportion of the seaweed up to the threshold of 40%. This is due to the optimization of growth conditions allowing the adherent cellulolytic population to grow and increase. This is corroborated by the increase in cellulase activity (CMCase).
Overall, it appears that the green seaweed Ulva lactuca has an appreciable nutritional potential that allows it to be recommended as a protein and mineral supplement. Similarly, its association with a coarse substrate (vetch-oats) improves the fermentability through a better proliferation of cellulolytic flora.
Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/ZIT6760.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9853 Valorisation nutritionnelle d’algues marines du littoral Algérien chez le ruminant via des méthodes chimiques, biologiques et moléculaires [texte imprimé] / Rabah Arhab, Directeur de thèse . - Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine, 2015 . - 171 f. ; 30 cm.
2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Algues microbiote ruminal fermentescibilité in vitro valeur nutritive digestibilité PCR
en temps réel groupements cellulolytiques seaweed ruminal microbial flora in vitro fermentability nutritional value digestibility real time PCR cellulolytic groups طحالب جراثيم الكرش تخمر مخبري تقييم غدائي الهضم PCR وقت حقيقي المجموعات السيليلوزيةIndex. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : The current work focuses on the valorization of non conventional vegetal resources in ruminant feeding so far ever undertaken in Algeria. Its main objective is to investigate on new unconventional marine food substrates in ruminant diets through several aspects:
characterization of nutrients and secondary metabolites of a green seaweed Ulva lactuca and a brown seaweed Halopteris scoparia, assessing their nutritional potential by measuring in vitro ruminal fermentability by the microbiota of cow, determining the fermentation profile of the green seaweed individually or simultaneously incorporated in different proportions to a reference fodder. The characterization of the associated microbial profile fermented in vitro by real time PCR and study of the specific activity of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase)
enzyme were also performed.
According to their chemical composition, seaweeds are rich in minerals and then could be used as a food supplement to compensate the lack of minerals in certain physiological conditions and improve the growth of the ruminal microbiota. Similarly, they are characterized by an important content of crude protein and can therefore be recommended as a protein additive in diets with poor nitrogen content.
The evaluation of the in vitro ruminal fermentability of singular substrates by ruminal microbial flora showed that the brown seaweed is not fermentable. However, Ulva lactuca were weakly degraded compared to vetch oats (P <0.0001). The use of Ulva lactuca in combination with vetch oats is marked by a synergistic effect due to the protein and mineral contents of the green seaweed. However, the incorporation of the green seaweed affects the in vitro digestibility and microbial fermentation in terms of volatile fatty acids and ammonia concentration.
Molecular analysis of the relative abundance of different rumen microbial populations after 24hours of fermentation against 0h (control), reveals significant changes in the microbial profile of the rumen. It appears a significant imbalance among cellulolytic groups, including the three major cellulolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus) and total anaerobic fungi. The species F.succinogenes predominates and
represents 69 to 84% of the analyzed bacteria. Furthermore, significant quantitative changes in target populations appear with the increase in the proportion of the seaweed up to the threshold of 40%. This is due to the optimization of growth conditions allowing the adherent cellulolytic population to grow and increase. This is corroborated by the increase in cellulase activity (CMCase).
Overall, it appears that the green seaweed Ulva lactuca has an appreciable nutritional potential that allows it to be recommended as a protein and mineral supplement. Similarly, its association with a coarse substrate (vetch-oats) improves the fermentability through a better proliferation of cellulolytic flora.
Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/ZIT6760.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9853 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité ZIT/6760 ZIT/6760 Thèse Bibliothèque principale Thèses Disponible
Titre : La valorisation nutritionnelle des margines et de leur impact sur la réduction de la méthanogénèse ruminale chez l’ovin Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nassima Leulmi, Auteur ; Rabah Arhab, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine Année de publication : 2011 Importance : 85 f. Format : 31cm Note générale : Magister
2 copies imprimées disponiblesLangues : Français (fre) Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Margines valeur nutritive composés phénoliques microbiote ruminal biodégradation anaérobie. Biologie Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie En ligne : ../theses/biologie/LEU5874.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5689 La valorisation nutritionnelle des margines et de leur impact sur la réduction de la méthanogénèse ruminale chez l’ovin [texte imprimé] / Nassima Leulmi, Auteur ; Rabah Arhab, Directeur de thèse . - Constantine : Université Mentouri Constantine, 2011 . - 85 f. ; 31cm.
Magister
2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Margines valeur nutritive composés phénoliques microbiote ruminal biodégradation anaérobie. Biologie Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie En ligne : ../theses/biologie/LEU5874.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5689 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité LEU/5874 LEU/5874 Thèse Bibliothèque principale Thèses Disponible
