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Partager le résultat de cette recherche Interroger des sources externesAdaptation à la sécheresse chez le blé dur (Triticum durumDesf.) Contribution de quelques solutés à l'ajustement osmotique. / Meriem Zoghmar
Titre : Adaptation à la sécheresse chez le blé dur (Triticum durumDesf.) Contribution de quelques solutés à l'ajustement osmotique. : Cas des Sucres solubles, Proline, Potassium et Nitrates. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Meriem Zoghmar, Auteur ; Youcef Kara, Directeur de thèse Editeur : جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة Année de publication : 2019 Importance : 259 f. Format : 30 cm. Note générale : 2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Biologie et Ecologie Végétale: Ecologie Végétale(Biodiversité et Production Végétale) Blé dur adaptation teneur relative en eau proline sucres solubles ajustement osmotique potassium nitrate nombre de racines principales et rendement potentiel Durum wheat relative water content soluble sugars osmotic adjustment number of main roots and potential yield القمح الصلب التأقلم المحتوى النسبي المائي البرولين السكريات الذوابة الضغط الاسموزي البوتاسيوم النترات عدد الجذور الرئيسية المردود Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé :
Various morpho-physiological, biochemical and phonological features related to water stress tolerance (leaf area, osmotic adjustment, osmotic accumulation, root traits and date to heading) were studied in ten genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) with contrasting agronomic behaviour. Significant variations between the tested genotypes were observed mainly for the relative water content, osmotic potential and the various osmoticums analysed at the symplasmic level indicating that their behaviour with respect to these osmoticums is significantly different from a degree of stress to another. The relationships between these traits and the adaptation strategies developed by each variety have been described. The classification of the genotypes studied according to their sensitivity to water stress indicates that the Cirta, Boussellam, Mohamed Ben Bachir, Bidi 17 and Wahbi genotypes have a long grain filling time, high relative water content (RWC) and are therefore efficient and tolerant to water stress. Varieties that have shown sensitivity to stress are therefore not very productive, just like the Sémito variety. This observation leads us to conclude that tolerance and great capacity of osmotic adjustment are consubstantial. Other results highlight significant negative correlations between nitrate and proline content and thus showing the probable existence of a connection between the proline biosynthesis pathway and nitrate uptake. Close relations have been observed essentially between osmotic adjustment, soluble sugar content and proline. This suggests that the osmoticum that contributes most to osmotic adjustment in order of preference are soluble sugars, proline, potassium and to a lesser degree nitrates. In case of stress, the biochemical response evaluated through the process of accumulation of proline and soluble sugars varieties (Waha, Bousselam, Mohamed Ben Bashir, Cirta and Bidi17) under water stress has proved to be a criterion of effective
adaptation. Correlations between osmotic adjustment capacity and yield show the reliable role of osmotic adjustment in water deficit tolerance. The results obtained in the fields reveal the existence of high performance, low productivity and non-performing genotypes. The duration of heading allowed classifying the early and late genotypes.Note de contenu :
Annexes.Diplôme : Doctorat en sciences En ligne : ../theses/biologie/ZOG7535.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11375 Adaptation à la sécheresse chez le blé dur (Triticum durumDesf.) Contribution de quelques solutés à l'ajustement osmotique. : Cas des Sucres solubles, Proline, Potassium et Nitrates. [texte imprimé] / Meriem Zoghmar, Auteur ; Youcef Kara, Directeur de thèse . - جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة, 2019 . - 259 f. ; 30 cm.
2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Biologie et Ecologie Végétale: Ecologie Végétale(Biodiversité et Production Végétale) Blé dur adaptation teneur relative en eau proline sucres solubles ajustement osmotique potassium nitrate nombre de racines principales et rendement potentiel Durum wheat relative water content soluble sugars osmotic adjustment number of main roots and potential yield القمح الصلب التأقلم المحتوى النسبي المائي البرولين السكريات الذوابة الضغط الاسموزي البوتاسيوم النترات عدد الجذور الرئيسية المردود Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé :
Various morpho-physiological, biochemical and phonological features related to water stress tolerance (leaf area, osmotic adjustment, osmotic accumulation, root traits and date to heading) were studied in ten genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) with contrasting agronomic behaviour. Significant variations between the tested genotypes were observed mainly for the relative water content, osmotic potential and the various osmoticums analysed at the symplasmic level indicating that their behaviour with respect to these osmoticums is significantly different from a degree of stress to another. The relationships between these traits and the adaptation strategies developed by each variety have been described. The classification of the genotypes studied according to their sensitivity to water stress indicates that the Cirta, Boussellam, Mohamed Ben Bachir, Bidi 17 and Wahbi genotypes have a long grain filling time, high relative water content (RWC) and are therefore efficient and tolerant to water stress. Varieties that have shown sensitivity to stress are therefore not very productive, just like the Sémito variety. This observation leads us to conclude that tolerance and great capacity of osmotic adjustment are consubstantial. Other results highlight significant negative correlations between nitrate and proline content and thus showing the probable existence of a connection between the proline biosynthesis pathway and nitrate uptake. Close relations have been observed essentially between osmotic adjustment, soluble sugar content and proline. This suggests that the osmoticum that contributes most to osmotic adjustment in order of preference are soluble sugars, proline, potassium and to a lesser degree nitrates. In case of stress, the biochemical response evaluated through the process of accumulation of proline and soluble sugars varieties (Waha, Bousselam, Mohamed Ben Bashir, Cirta and Bidi17) under water stress has proved to be a criterion of effective
adaptation. Correlations between osmotic adjustment capacity and yield show the reliable role of osmotic adjustment in water deficit tolerance. The results obtained in the fields reveal the existence of high performance, low productivity and non-performing genotypes. The duration of heading allowed classifying the early and late genotypes.Note de contenu :
Annexes.Diplôme : Doctorat en sciences En ligne : ../theses/biologie/ZOG7535.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11375 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité ZOG/7535 ZOG/7535 Thèse Bibliothèque principale Thèses Disponible
Titre : Caractérisation d’hybrides Aegilops sp./ Blé dur (Triticum durum Desf.) pour l’amélioration génétique de la tolérance à la sécheresse du blé dur : Caractérisation moléculaire par SSR. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fethia Zadri ép Boudchicha, Auteur ; Nadia Ykhlef, Directeur de thèse Mention d'édition : 28-12-2020 Editeur : جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة Année de publication : 2020 Importance : 168 f. Format : 30 cm. Note générale : 1 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Biologie et Ecologie Végétale: Génomiques et Techniques avancées des végétaux Aegilops blé dur sécheresse croisements interspécifiques amélioration génétique marqueurs SSR durum wheat drought interspecific hybridization genetic breeding SSR markers القمح الصلب الجفاف التحسين الوراثي التهجين مابين الأنواع مؤشرات (SSR ( Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé :
The aim of this work was the obtaining of interspecific hybrids between wheat and wild Aegilops species as the female parent. The Aegilops genus is a potential genes source to genetic breeding for drought tolerance which causes considerable losses for wheat culture, in Algeria. For that, three durum wheat varieties (Oued Zenati, Waha and Hoggar) where crossed with two tetraploid Aegilops species (Aegilops geniculata Roth and Aegilops
triuncialis L.), crosses were realised for 5 years, to figure out parents having most crossability to obtain hybrids. Parents were also characterized for drought tolerance. Invitro mature embryos culture was undertaking, for raison of non hybrids germination in natural conditions. Hybrids were characterized by chromosomes numbering and using eleven microsatellites markers (SSRs) for molecular expression in comparison with their parents.
Results showed a great drought tolerance potential for Aegilops species and adaptation of wheat varieties to climatic conditions governing wheat culture areas. 81 interspecific hybrids were obtained. Aegilops geniculata/Oued Zenati crosses produced the higher hybrids number (54 hybrids as the rate of 5, 23%), followed by Aegilops triuncialis/Oued Zenati (18 as the rate of 3, 88%), crosses involving Aegilops species and variety Hoggar produced the less hybrids number. This direction of hybridization is advantageous, due to hybrid production without embryos rescue. However, lethality and abnormal hybrid development was observed at different stages, any plant hybrid could be generated. For Aegilops geniculata/Oued Zenati, chromosome number was establish to be 2n= 24. From eleven SSR markers, eight were found to be polymorphic, two of which Xbarc174 and Xwms332, had a big band number and better distinguished hybrids. Different patterns of markers expression were observed, even for hybrids having the same parents, where Xwmc25 and Xwms257 allowed characterization of 2BS chromosome fragmentation and elimination in two different Aegilops geniculata/Oued Zenati. These results indicate that maternal cytoplasmic inheritance took place in hybrid formation, and that postzygotic isolation mechanisms explain lethality and abnormal hybrids development, in this direction of hybridization. Searching within Aegilops, of accessions having more cross-ability to ensure hybrid regeneration and succeed such hybridizations.
Note de contenu :
Annexes.Diplôme : Doctorat en sciences En ligne : ../theses/biologie/ZAD7759.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11592 Caractérisation d’hybrides Aegilops sp./ Blé dur (Triticum durum Desf.) pour l’amélioration génétique de la tolérance à la sécheresse du blé dur : Caractérisation moléculaire par SSR. [texte imprimé] / Fethia Zadri ép Boudchicha, Auteur ; Nadia Ykhlef, Directeur de thèse . - 28-12-2020 . - جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة, 2020 . - 168 f. ; 30 cm.
1 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Biologie et Ecologie Végétale: Génomiques et Techniques avancées des végétaux Aegilops blé dur sécheresse croisements interspécifiques amélioration génétique marqueurs SSR durum wheat drought interspecific hybridization genetic breeding SSR markers القمح الصلب الجفاف التحسين الوراثي التهجين مابين الأنواع مؤشرات (SSR ( Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé :
The aim of this work was the obtaining of interspecific hybrids between wheat and wild Aegilops species as the female parent. The Aegilops genus is a potential genes source to genetic breeding for drought tolerance which causes considerable losses for wheat culture, in Algeria. For that, three durum wheat varieties (Oued Zenati, Waha and Hoggar) where crossed with two tetraploid Aegilops species (Aegilops geniculata Roth and Aegilops
triuncialis L.), crosses were realised for 5 years, to figure out parents having most crossability to obtain hybrids. Parents were also characterized for drought tolerance. Invitro mature embryos culture was undertaking, for raison of non hybrids germination in natural conditions. Hybrids were characterized by chromosomes numbering and using eleven microsatellites markers (SSRs) for molecular expression in comparison with their parents.
Results showed a great drought tolerance potential for Aegilops species and adaptation of wheat varieties to climatic conditions governing wheat culture areas. 81 interspecific hybrids were obtained. Aegilops geniculata/Oued Zenati crosses produced the higher hybrids number (54 hybrids as the rate of 5, 23%), followed by Aegilops triuncialis/Oued Zenati (18 as the rate of 3, 88%), crosses involving Aegilops species and variety Hoggar produced the less hybrids number. This direction of hybridization is advantageous, due to hybrid production without embryos rescue. However, lethality and abnormal hybrid development was observed at different stages, any plant hybrid could be generated. For Aegilops geniculata/Oued Zenati, chromosome number was establish to be 2n= 24. From eleven SSR markers, eight were found to be polymorphic, two of which Xbarc174 and Xwms332, had a big band number and better distinguished hybrids. Different patterns of markers expression were observed, even for hybrids having the same parents, where Xwmc25 and Xwms257 allowed characterization of 2BS chromosome fragmentation and elimination in two different Aegilops geniculata/Oued Zenati. These results indicate that maternal cytoplasmic inheritance took place in hybrid formation, and that postzygotic isolation mechanisms explain lethality and abnormal hybrids development, in this direction of hybridization. Searching within Aegilops, of accessions having more cross-ability to ensure hybrid regeneration and succeed such hybridizations.
Note de contenu :
Annexes.Diplôme : Doctorat en sciences En ligne : ../theses/biologie/ZAD7759.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11592 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité ZAD/7759 ZAD/7759 Thèse Bibliothèque principale Thèses Disponible
Titre : Caractètes physiologiques et biochimiques de tolérance du blé dur (Triticum durum Desf.) au strss hydrique Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Adra Mouellef, Auteur ; Univ. de Constantine, Éditeur scientifique ; N. Ykhlef, Directeur de thèse Année de publication : 2010 Importance : 69 f. Note générale : 01 Disponible à la salle de recherche 01 Disponible au magazin de la B.U.C. 01 CD Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Morphologie Blé dur Electrophorèse Culture in vitro SDS-PAGE Tolérance PEG Strss hydrique Water stress tolerance durum wheat morphology physiology and biochemistry in vitro culture SDS-PAGE electrophoresis الإجهاد المائي المقاومة القمح الصلب مرفولولوجيا فيزيولوجيا بيوكميا الزراعة في الأنابيب PEG 600 الهجرة الكهربائية SDS-PEGA Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : The objective of this work is to study the effect of water stress, and variability of response in seven genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf): Djenah khetaifa, Bidi 17, Guem goum Rkham, Rahouia, Beliouni, Vitron and Waha.
In the first part, we studied various morphological parameters, biochemical and physiological under five irrigation levels (100, 80, 50, 25 and 12.5% of field capacity); the choice of levels of irrigation is to apply at third leaf. The results show that water stress caused a reduction in leaf area, decreased water content, rate of water loss and the rate of total chlorophyll. Similarly, increased specific leaf weight, stomatal resistance and accumulation of prolin and soluble sugars are stored.
In the second part, were analyzed by SDS-PAGE total protein expressed in leaf and root the same genotypes after water stress applied in vitro by addition of PEG 600 to 7%. The electrophoresis diagrams, we give these subunits both in controls than in stress,while others are present or absent in stressed and witnesses.
In conclusion, the study showed that water stress causes the same response mechanisms among seven genotypes but to different degrees.Diplôme : Magistère En ligne : ../theses/biologie/MOU5728.pdf Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1829 Caractètes physiologiques et biochimiques de tolérance du blé dur (Triticum durum Desf.) au strss hydrique [texte imprimé] / Adra Mouellef, Auteur ; Univ. de Constantine, Éditeur scientifique ; N. Ykhlef, Directeur de thèse . - 2010 . - 69 f.
01 Disponible à la salle de recherche 01 Disponible au magazin de la B.U.C. 01 CD
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Morphologie Blé dur Electrophorèse Culture in vitro SDS-PAGE Tolérance PEG Strss hydrique Water stress tolerance durum wheat morphology physiology and biochemistry in vitro culture SDS-PAGE electrophoresis الإجهاد المائي المقاومة القمح الصلب مرفولولوجيا فيزيولوجيا بيوكميا الزراعة في الأنابيب PEG 600 الهجرة الكهربائية SDS-PEGA Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : The objective of this work is to study the effect of water stress, and variability of response in seven genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf): Djenah khetaifa, Bidi 17, Guem goum Rkham, Rahouia, Beliouni, Vitron and Waha.
In the first part, we studied various morphological parameters, biochemical and physiological under five irrigation levels (100, 80, 50, 25 and 12.5% of field capacity); the choice of levels of irrigation is to apply at third leaf. The results show that water stress caused a reduction in leaf area, decreased water content, rate of water loss and the rate of total chlorophyll. Similarly, increased specific leaf weight, stomatal resistance and accumulation of prolin and soluble sugars are stored.
In the second part, were analyzed by SDS-PAGE total protein expressed in leaf and root the same genotypes after water stress applied in vitro by addition of PEG 600 to 7%. The electrophoresis diagrams, we give these subunits both in controls than in stress,while others are present or absent in stressed and witnesses.
In conclusion, the study showed that water stress causes the same response mechanisms among seven genotypes but to different degrees.Diplôme : Magistère En ligne : ../theses/biologie/MOU5728.pdf Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1829 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité MOU/5728 MOU/5728 Thèse Bibliothèque principale Thèses Disponible
Titre : Criblage des souches d’actinobactéries pour leurs pouvoirs PGPR : Essais in vitro et in planta sur Solanum lycopersicum L., Triticum durum Desf., et Daucus carota L. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rihab Djebaili, Auteur ; Mahmoud Kitouni, Directeur de thèse ; Maddalena Del Gallo, Directeur de thèse Mention d'édition : 11-11-2021 Editeur : جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة Année de publication : 2021 Importance : 244 f. Format : 30 cm. Note générale : Doctorat 3éme CYCLE LMD.
1 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Microbiologie: Microbiologie générale et appliquée PGPB actinomycètes solubilisation du phosphate acide indole-3-acétique acide cyanhydrique biofertilisant ACC désaminase blé dur stress salin halotolérance la lutte biologique pathogènes SEM filtrats de culture tomate carotte actinomycetes phosphatesolubilization indole-3-acetic acid hydrocyanic acid biofertilizer ACC deaminase durum wheat salt stress halotolerance biological control pathogens culture filtrates tomato carrot Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : Abiotic stress due to climate change and phytopathogens attacks lead to several damages in agricultural crops. Excessive use of chemicals in agriculture causes environmental pollution and loss of agricultural lands with fertile soils. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are an alternative strategy for sustainable agriculture. Among PGPBs, actinomycetes have recently gained increasing attention for their ability to alleviate plant stress and improve agricultural productivity. This study aimed to select actinomycetes strains with plant growth promoting traits, their plantroots association capacities, and their biostimulating effects without and with salt stress as well as the biocontrol power against several fungal and bacterial plant pathogens. The strains were studied for their phosphate solubilization capacity, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), hydrocyanic acid (HCN),
and ammonia (NH3) production, and several enzymatic activities. Bacteria-root associations were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a greenhouse experiment was performed to assess the inoculation effects on Solanum lycopersiumL.. Likewise, these strains were tested for in vitro halotolerant ability by several PGP tests with different salt concentrations (i.e., 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5 M NaCl) and by a greenhouse experiment on Triticum durum. The presence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity was also studied. Moreover, the strains were screened for their in vitro biocontrol activity by soluble and volatile compounds production against the fungal strains Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) and Rhizoctonia solani (RHS). The post-interaction events fungus-PGPB were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against Pseudomonassyringae, Pseudomonas corrugata, Pseudomonas syringaepv. actinidiae, and Pectobacteriumcarotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Strains showing good in vitro biological control activities were studied for their antifungal and antibacterial activity using the cell culture filtrate (CFS). The consortium of potent strain was applied on Solanum lycopersicum L. and Daucus carota L. for in planta biocontrol activity. Among sixty actinomycetes, fourteen strains exhibited plant growth promoting characteristics. These strains were able to solubilize the phosphate, produce ammonia, and showed several enzymatic activities at different rates. The scanning electron microscopy revealed a good in vitro plant root association and colonization abilities. The actinomycetes inoculation influenced positively the tomato growth parameters. These strains exhibited important in vitro PGP traits under different salt concentrations. Most strains (86%) had 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity with significant amounts of ketobutyric acid. In the greenhouse experiment, inoculation with actinomycetes strainsimproved the durum wheat morpho-biochemical parameters, which recorded a significantly higher content of chlorophyll and proline than those of uninoculated controls both under normal and stressed conditions. Strains H12 (Streptomyces albidoflavus) and H14 (Nocardiopsisaegyptica) showed good in vitro antifungal activity with diffusible and volatile compounds (inhibition up to 85%) and antibacterial activity (diameter of inhibition> 10 mm). SEM micrographs showed morphological deterioration of the fungal filaments and changes in their structures. The CFS of potent strains was also active in fungal and bacterial pathogens inhibition (minimum inhibitory concentration up to 0.2%). The consortium was also able to alleviate the infection symptoms and allow a normal growth of the infected plants compared to the control. The obtained results demonstrate the efficacy of halotolerant actinomycetes strains as a biofertilizer and biocontrol agent for plant diseases management and for the alleviation of negative effects of salt stress in plants.
Note de contenu : Annexes.
Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/DJE7836.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11668 Criblage des souches d’actinobactéries pour leurs pouvoirs PGPR : Essais in vitro et in planta sur Solanum lycopersicum L., Triticum durum Desf., et Daucus carota L. [texte imprimé] / Rihab Djebaili, Auteur ; Mahmoud Kitouni, Directeur de thèse ; Maddalena Del Gallo, Directeur de thèse . - 11-11-2021 . - جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة, 2021 . - 244 f. ; 30 cm.
Doctorat 3éme CYCLE LMD.
1 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Microbiologie: Microbiologie générale et appliquée PGPB actinomycètes solubilisation du phosphate acide indole-3-acétique acide cyanhydrique biofertilisant ACC désaminase blé dur stress salin halotolérance la lutte biologique pathogènes SEM filtrats de culture tomate carotte actinomycetes phosphatesolubilization indole-3-acetic acid hydrocyanic acid biofertilizer ACC deaminase durum wheat salt stress halotolerance biological control pathogens culture filtrates tomato carrot Index. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : Abiotic stress due to climate change and phytopathogens attacks lead to several damages in agricultural crops. Excessive use of chemicals in agriculture causes environmental pollution and loss of agricultural lands with fertile soils. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are an alternative strategy for sustainable agriculture. Among PGPBs, actinomycetes have recently gained increasing attention for their ability to alleviate plant stress and improve agricultural productivity. This study aimed to select actinomycetes strains with plant growth promoting traits, their plantroots association capacities, and their biostimulating effects without and with salt stress as well as the biocontrol power against several fungal and bacterial plant pathogens. The strains were studied for their phosphate solubilization capacity, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), hydrocyanic acid (HCN),
and ammonia (NH3) production, and several enzymatic activities. Bacteria-root associations were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a greenhouse experiment was performed to assess the inoculation effects on Solanum lycopersiumL.. Likewise, these strains were tested for in vitro halotolerant ability by several PGP tests with different salt concentrations (i.e., 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5 M NaCl) and by a greenhouse experiment on Triticum durum. The presence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity was also studied. Moreover, the strains were screened for their in vitro biocontrol activity by soluble and volatile compounds production against the fungal strains Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) and Rhizoctonia solani (RHS). The post-interaction events fungus-PGPB were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against Pseudomonassyringae, Pseudomonas corrugata, Pseudomonas syringaepv. actinidiae, and Pectobacteriumcarotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Strains showing good in vitro biological control activities were studied for their antifungal and antibacterial activity using the cell culture filtrate (CFS). The consortium of potent strain was applied on Solanum lycopersicum L. and Daucus carota L. for in planta biocontrol activity. Among sixty actinomycetes, fourteen strains exhibited plant growth promoting characteristics. These strains were able to solubilize the phosphate, produce ammonia, and showed several enzymatic activities at different rates. The scanning electron microscopy revealed a good in vitro plant root association and colonization abilities. The actinomycetes inoculation influenced positively the tomato growth parameters. These strains exhibited important in vitro PGP traits under different salt concentrations. Most strains (86%) had 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity with significant amounts of ketobutyric acid. In the greenhouse experiment, inoculation with actinomycetes strainsimproved the durum wheat morpho-biochemical parameters, which recorded a significantly higher content of chlorophyll and proline than those of uninoculated controls both under normal and stressed conditions. Strains H12 (Streptomyces albidoflavus) and H14 (Nocardiopsisaegyptica) showed good in vitro antifungal activity with diffusible and volatile compounds (inhibition up to 85%) and antibacterial activity (diameter of inhibition> 10 mm). SEM micrographs showed morphological deterioration of the fungal filaments and changes in their structures. The CFS of potent strains was also active in fungal and bacterial pathogens inhibition (minimum inhibitory concentration up to 0.2%). The consortium was also able to alleviate the infection symptoms and allow a normal growth of the infected plants compared to the control. The obtained results demonstrate the efficacy of halotolerant actinomycetes strains as a biofertilizer and biocontrol agent for plant diseases management and for the alleviation of negative effects of salt stress in plants.
Note de contenu : Annexes.
Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/DJE7836.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11668 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité DJE/7836 DJE/7836 Thèse Bibliothèque principale Thèses Disponible
Titre : Embryogénèse somatique, variations somaclonales et tolérance à la salinité chez le blé dur (Triticum durumDesf.). : (Analyse génotypique et moléculaire) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zoheira Benabdelhafid, Auteur ; Abdelhamid Djekoun, Directeur de thèse Editeur : جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة Année de publication : 2016 Importance : 144 f. Format : 30 cm. Note générale : 2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Blé dur stress salin embryon mature embryogénèse somatique régénération in vitro variations somaclonales RAPD polymorphisme Durum wheat salt stress mature embryo somatic embryogenesis in vitro
regeneration somaclonal variation polymorphism القمح القاسي الإجهاد الملحي الجنين ناضجة مرحلة التطور الجنيني الجسدية RAPDالتشكل المرفولوجي للزراعة في الزجاج تعدد الاشكالIndex. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : The main objective of this work is to overcome the effect of salt stress on wheat
through different techniques and biotechnology approaches, which are used to improve the behavior of different varieties of durum wheat and to select the best performing. Somatic embryogenesis is currently integrated into many selection schemes since it can significantly reduce the length of improvement cycles. Development of somatic embryos was obtained after cultivation of six varieties of durum wheat (Waha, GuemGoum Rkhem, Beliouni Adnan- 2, Beni and Adnan mestina-1) on a nutrient medium supplemented with 3.5mg / l 2.4-D. The selection of tolerant varieties to the salt stress was achieved by the addition of a selective agent: NaCl. This study is based on the addition of different concentrations of NaCl (0, 4, 8,
12, 16 g/l) to the medium to study the salt stress effect on the development of somatic embryogenesis. NaCl introduced to the regeneration medium was carried out by a sequential addition of different graded concentrations to determine the callus growth rate, the water content, the content of K +, Na + contents and the K + / Na + ratio in the presence orabsence of stress. Moreover, the application of salt stress through direct addition of different NaCl concentrations during the induction phase of callogenesis was exploited to determine the influence of stress on the rate of callogenesis, the germination rate, the rate of embryogenic calli, the regeneration rate and the average number of regenerated plants per callus. in vitro regeneration has proved susceptibelty to the development of somaclonal variation, because
when callogenesis, somatic cells must be adapted to the culture medium and generate new changes in the genome. The detection of these variations is generally performed through revelation techniques by molecular methods. In this study, DNA extracted from the regenerated plants was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that allowed, from this template DNA in the presence of arbitrary 9 RAPD primers to obtain a degree of polymorphism indicating the presence of somaclonal variation. Analysis of RAPD profiles revealed that the presence of somaclonal variation may be the result of many crop cycles, application of a severe stress weans and different responses of durum wheat genotypes for cultivation in vitro regeneration.
Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/BEN6928.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10280 Embryogénèse somatique, variations somaclonales et tolérance à la salinité chez le blé dur (Triticum durumDesf.). : (Analyse génotypique et moléculaire) [texte imprimé] / Zoheira Benabdelhafid, Auteur ; Abdelhamid Djekoun, Directeur de thèse . - جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة, 2016 . - 144 f. ; 30 cm.
2 copies imprimées disponibles
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Français - Anglais
BiologieTags : Blé dur stress salin embryon mature embryogénèse somatique régénération in vitro variations somaclonales RAPD polymorphisme Durum wheat salt stress mature embryo somatic embryogenesis in vitro
regeneration somaclonal variation polymorphism القمح القاسي الإجهاد الملحي الجنين ناضجة مرحلة التطور الجنيني الجسدية RAPDالتشكل المرفولوجي للزراعة في الزجاج تعدد الاشكالIndex. décimale : 570 Sciences de la vie. Biologie Résumé : The main objective of this work is to overcome the effect of salt stress on wheat
through different techniques and biotechnology approaches, which are used to improve the behavior of different varieties of durum wheat and to select the best performing. Somatic embryogenesis is currently integrated into many selection schemes since it can significantly reduce the length of improvement cycles. Development of somatic embryos was obtained after cultivation of six varieties of durum wheat (Waha, GuemGoum Rkhem, Beliouni Adnan- 2, Beni and Adnan mestina-1) on a nutrient medium supplemented with 3.5mg / l 2.4-D. The selection of tolerant varieties to the salt stress was achieved by the addition of a selective agent: NaCl. This study is based on the addition of different concentrations of NaCl (0, 4, 8,
12, 16 g/l) to the medium to study the salt stress effect on the development of somatic embryogenesis. NaCl introduced to the regeneration medium was carried out by a sequential addition of different graded concentrations to determine the callus growth rate, the water content, the content of K +, Na + contents and the K + / Na + ratio in the presence orabsence of stress. Moreover, the application of salt stress through direct addition of different NaCl concentrations during the induction phase of callogenesis was exploited to determine the influence of stress on the rate of callogenesis, the germination rate, the rate of embryogenic calli, the regeneration rate and the average number of regenerated plants per callus. in vitro regeneration has proved susceptibelty to the development of somaclonal variation, because
when callogenesis, somatic cells must be adapted to the culture medium and generate new changes in the genome. The detection of these variations is generally performed through revelation techniques by molecular methods. In this study, DNA extracted from the regenerated plants was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that allowed, from this template DNA in the presence of arbitrary 9 RAPD primers to obtain a degree of polymorphism indicating the presence of somaclonal variation. Analysis of RAPD profiles revealed that the presence of somaclonal variation may be the result of many crop cycles, application of a severe stress weans and different responses of durum wheat genotypes for cultivation in vitro regeneration.
Diplôme : Doctorat En ligne : ../theses/biologie/BEN6928.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://bu.umc.edu.dz/md/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10280 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité BEN/6928 BEN/6928 Thèse Bibliothèque principale Thèses Disponible Permalink
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